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Anopheline MosquitoesThe genus Anopheles and its relatives, important carriers of malaria. |
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Diseases
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Anopheline mosquitoes are not the primary carriers of any of the Australia group agents. However, they may become secondary vectors and populations may need to be monitored and controlled in the wake of an outbreak or attack. |
Vector organisms |
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Life Cycle and Control |
Mosquito larvae develop from eggs laid in floating rafts in still water. Eggs of Anopheline mosquitoes cannot survive drying. Generally, they require clean water free of organic contamination and use marshes, rice paddies and pools formed in axils and leaf-folds of large plants. Free-living larvae that hatch from the eggs attach themselves to the underside of the surface can be can be controlled by treating the water. Small areas (puddles, road ruts) can be emptied or filled in; larger areas can be treated with oils or detergents to prevent the larvae attaching to the the underside of the meniscus and insecticidal granules can also be used. Large areas can be treated by spraying with organophosphate or carbamate insecticides, in the event of large-scale outbreaks aerial spraying may be necessary. Adult Anopheline mosquitoes are crepuscular or nocturnal feeders, they feed at twilight and at night, rarely during the day. Otherwise, their behavior is more flexible than is that of Culicines. Species are not exclusively endophagic or exophagic (preferring to feed inside or outside buildings), endophilic or exophilic (preferring to rest inside or outside buildings) or anthropophagic or zoophagic (limiting themselves to human hosts or feeding on other animals.) |
Suitable oils include:
Suitable insecticides include:
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Other
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The second line of defense is to create barriers to being bitten. This may include the use of mosquito repellents, the screening of openings into buildings. The size of the screen mesh would depend on the vector. Mosquito netting should be hung around beds and the netting may also be impregnated with repellents. |
Suitable repellents include:
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Other
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The primary public health concern with Anopheline mosquitos is that 70 species act as a vector for malaria. This may be a secondary problem in the event of Anopheline vectors being used to deliver a biological agent. |
Other genera that may be of concern include:
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