Home News History General Links Bookstore
Biological Gateway Chemical Gateway Radiological Gateway

Ixodid Ticks (Ixodidae)

The hard-bodied ticks

Diseases carried

Vector organisms

  • Amblyomma
    • A. americanum
    • A. cajennense
  • Dermacentor
    • D. andersoni
    • D. marginatus
    • D. variabilis
  • Haemaphysalis
    • H. concinna
    • H. spinigera
  • Hyalomma
    • H. marginatum
  • Ixodes
    • I. cookei
    • I. persulcatus
    • I. ricinus
  • Rhipicephalus

Life Cycle and Control

Eggs are laid only once by the female in gelatinous masses of up to 20,000. The female dies after laying the eggs. It may from 10 days to several months for the eggs to hatch into larvae that resemble those of mites. The larvae are quiescent for several days before climbing grasses to the tips of the leaves where they wait for a suitable host to pass by. They mount a host, take a blood meal and drop of the host, digest the blood meal, and develop into an intermediate stage called the nymph. The nymph takes another host and blood meal before becoming a mature adult. Some ticks will pass through through several nymph stages. Tick life cycles can take several years to complete depending upon host availability.

Most ticks only have one host and are unimportant for disease transmission. Others can use up to three different hosts and are major concerns. Humans are more often parasitised by larvae and nymphs than mature ticks.

Other Countermeasures

Ticks seen on a person should be removed as quickly as possible. Pulling them off with blunt forceps and treating the wound with antibiotics is most effective. Dabbing them with toxic solvents, such as chloroform, ether or benzene is also effective.

Animals, including pets and livestock should be treated with acaricidal dips or drenches.

No specific recommendations

Other comments

Hard-bodied ticks are primary vectors for a wide variety of diseases of medical and agricultural importance and secondary vectors for a number of others.  
Home Copyright Disclaimer
Privacy
Feedback Sponsorship